ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: nowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. Considering the high prevalence, identification of diagnostic markers can be useful for early diagnosis and cancer management. In recent years many studies have been conducted to determine the role of cytokines in cancers, but role of IL-37 in breast cancer has not been determined, yet. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-37 expression in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients and its relationship with pathologic and clinical symptoms
Material and Methods: in this case-control study we examined 50 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumoral tissues from breast cancer patients and 50 non-tumoral adjacent tissues. After informed consent, clinical information of the samples were recorded. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA [cDNA] was synthesized. Then, the relative gene expression was determined by using quantitative real-time RT PCR [qRT-PCR] and evaluated by 2-[delta delta ct] method. Finally, the expression pattern was analyzed by statistical analysis
Results: the results of this study indicated that, the mean relative expression of IL-37 in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent healthy tissues and there was statistically a significant difference between them with a 95% confidence level [P = 0.003]. The results also indicated a significant decrease in the expression of this cytokine in the tumoral tissues with sizes of >3cm [P = 0.02]. The reduction in gene expression was clearly observed in the tumors of grade 2 and 3, which showed a significant relationship between gene expression and grade 3 tumors [P = 0.0001]
Conclusion: the results of this study revealed IL-37 can be regarded as a potentially sensitive and valuable biomarker for diagnosis of breast cancer and also tumor size determination. The results of this study can also be used in clinical and diagnostic studies on breast cancer
ABSTRACT
Objective: Due to recent progress in production of human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells [hESC-OPCs] for ameliorating myelin disease such as multiple sclerosis [MS] and the role of purinergic signaling in OPCs development, we avaluated the profile of purinergic receptors expression during development of OPCs from hESC
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] to obtain more information about potential roles of purinergic receptors during in vitro production of hESC-OPCs. We first determined the expression level of different subtypes of purinergic receptors in hESCs, embryoid bodies [EBs], and hESC-OPCs. The effects of A1adenosine receptor [A1AR] activation on hESC-OPCs development were subsequently examined
Results: hESCs and OPCs had different mRNA expression levels of the AR subtypes. ARs mRNA were expressed in the EB stage, except for A2AAR. We observed expressions of several P2X [P2X1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7] and P2Y [P2Y1, 2, 4, 6, 11-14] genes in hESCs. hESC-OPCs expressed different subtypes of P2X [P2X1, 2, 3,4,5,7] and P2Y [P2Y1, 2, 4, 6, 11-14]. Except for P2X1 and P2X6, all other P2X and P2Y purinergic receptor subtypes expressed in EBs. We also indicate that A1AR might be involved in modulating gene expression levels of cell cycle regulators in an agonist and/or dose-dependent manner
Conclusion: Elucidation of the expression pattern of purinergic receptors and the effects of different subtypes of these receptors in hESC-OPCs may have a promising role in future cell-based therapy or drug design for demyelinating disease
ABSTRACT
Objective: Annexin A1 [ANXA1] is suggested to have anti-inflammatory function. However, the precise function of ANXA1 has remained unclear. In this study, we therefore examined the potency of ANXA1 in regulating reactive oxygen species [ROS] production and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses in PC12 cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium [MPP+]
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, cDNA of ANXA1 was cloned and inserted to the PGL268 pEpi-FGM18F vector to produce a recombinant PGL/ANXA1 vector for transfection into the PC12 cells. ANXA1 transfected cells were then treated with MPP+. Apoptosis and the content of pro-inflammatory factors including ROS, Interlukin-6 [IL-6], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and nuclear factor-kappa B [NF-kappaB] were assessed by flow-cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] and western blot in ANXA1-transfected cells and the data were compared with those obtained from mock and control cells
Results: Data revealed that overexpression of ANXA1 is associated with decreased levels of ROS and expression level of IL-6 and iNOS transcripts, and NF-kappaB protein in MPP+ treated PC12 cells
Conclusion: ANXA1 may be considered as an agent for prevention of neurodegenerative or inflammatory conditions
ABSTRACT
Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPAR gamma] is a member of the PPAR nuclear receptor superfamily. Although PPAR gamma acts as a master transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation, it is also associated with a variety of cell functions including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. This study aimed to assess the expression level of PPAR gamma in order to address its role in cardiac cell differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells [mESCs]
Materials and Methods: In this an intervening study, mESCs were subjected to cardiac differentiation. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction [qPCR] was carried out to estimate level of gene expression. Furthermore, the requirement of PPAR gamma in cardiac differentiation of mESCs, during cardiac progenitor cells [CPCs] formation, was examined by applying the respective agonist and antagonist
Results: The obtained data revealed an elevation in the expression level of PPAR gamma during spontaneous formation of CPCs and cardiomyocytes. Our results indicated that during CPC formation, PPAR gamma inactivation via treatment with GW9662 [GW] reduced expression of CPC and cardiac markers
Conclusion: We conclude that PPAR gamma modulation has an effective role on cardiac differentiation of mESCs at the early stage of cardiomyogenesis